Gynaecological Services

Common gynaecological issues seen in each age group include:

1. Adolescence (Ages 10-19) – Menstrual disorders, abnormal vaginal discharge, and delayed puberty are common issues among adolescent girls.
2. Adulthood & Reproductive Years (Ages 20-45) – Common issues we treat in this age group include infertility, ovarian cysts, uterine fibroids, and more.
3. Menopause & Beyond (Late 40s and Above) – As women enter menopause, hormonal changes can result in various physiological changes and mood changes. One’s risk of developing certain gynaecological cancers also increase in older adulthood.

Infertility may be caused by certain gynaecological conditions such as:

1. Endometriosis – This occurs when tissue similar to the inner lining of the uterus grows outside of the uterus, resulting in pain and difficulty getting pregnant.
2. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) – This causes hormonal imbalances and irregular periods, among others. This often disrupts the normal ovulation process, making it harder for one to become pregnant.
3. Primary Ovarian Insufficiency – This occurs when the ovaries cease to function properly before the age of 40, resulting in irregular periods and reduced fertility.

Gynaecological emergencies require immediate medical attention as they can threaten the woman’s life, sexual function, or fertility. These include:

1. Ectopic pregnancy
2. Ovarian torsion
3. Severe pelvic pain
4. Heavy vaginal bleeding
5. Miscarriage
6. Heavy bleeding or severe vomiting during early pregnancy

Gynaecological cancers count among the top ten cancers affecting women in Singapore. These include:

1. Ovarian Cancer – Ovarian cancer is the 5th most common cancer in Singaporean women. It does not have obvious symptoms in the early stages and is usually treated via surgery and chemotherapy.
2. Cervical Cancer – Cervical cancer is the 10th most common cancer in Singaporean women. This form of cancer is highly preventable and treatable when detected early via regular Pap smears.
3. Uterine Cancer – Uterine cancer, also known as endometrial cancer, is very commonly diagnosed. Fortunately, it is usually diagnosed in the early (and most treatable) stages due to the presence of obvious symptoms such as unusual bleeding.